บทความ เกจวัดแรงดัน

Mining is considered one of the world’s oldest industries, tracing its roots again to these prehistoric days when someone grabbed a digging instrument and started burrowing into the ground. In the many millennia since, mining has grown into one of the world’s most necessary and widespread commercial enterprises, with operations spread throughout the globe whereas tasked with recovering an nearly inexhaustible listing of priceless commodities.
In truth, according to the World Mining Congress’s World Mining Data 2020 report, 17.7 billion metric tons of mined products have been recovered in 2018, up from eleven.3 billion metric tons in 2000 and almost double the 9.6 billion metric tons in 1985. Asian nations accounted for fifty eight percent of the 2018 manufacturing, with North America second at 15.1 percent, adopted by Europe (8 percent), Oceania (6.eight percent), Latin America (6.three percent), and Africa (5.three percent). Individually, China (23 percent), the United States (12.1 percent), Russia (9.2 percent), and Australia (7.2 percent) had been probably the most prolific producers, with their complete 51.1 percent of production more than the rest of the world combined.
This implies that the mining trade is a strong one, with strong progress anticipated to continue within the coming years in many regions of the world. It additionally implies that mining operations will continue to depend on pumping applied sciences that offer sturdy, dependable, and protected service in a variety of critical liquid-handling operations. This white paper will illustrate why constructive displacement air-operated double-diaphragm (AODD) pumps could be the solely option for a lot of of those purposes.
THE CHALLENGE
While mining may appear to be nothing greater than a rough-and-tumble operation—holes are dug by heavy machinery or with explosives, opening the hidden ode to access from above—there are, actually, many complicated and generally delicate operations that should be carried out properly if the mining operation is to perform at its highest degree of effectivity.
From a macro standpoint, this requires a pumping expertise that may function reliably in harsh and distant places, even when submerged, or when tasked with dealing with particulate-laden liquids or toxic/corrosive merchandise, and likewise one that is able to be maintained and repaired in order that downtime is lessened. The pumps must even be gentle sufficient to be manually moved from location to location inside the mine itself.
For a few years, a preferred choice for use in these conditions was centrifugal pumps. While centrifugal pumps are able to create the excessive move rates which are required, they’ve a quantity of operational “pain points” that hamper their use in mining functions: an incapability to self-prime or run dry; particular seals needed to forestall leaks; special linings needed to handle solids; excessive motor speeds of as much as 1,800 rpm; and comparatively high maintenance necessities and prices, particularly when charged with transferring solid-heavy liquids.
Another popular choice has been the progressive cavity pump, but, like centrifugal pumps, they’ve a quantity of operational shortcomings. These embrace an inability to persistently handle liquids with excessive ranges of abrasives, which finally ends up in increased maintenance prices, wear on costly stators and rotors that may finally must be replaced, and overall larger purchase, working, and repair/replacement costs.
Here are a few of the particular liquid-transfer operations that happen in a mine and the ways that some pump technologies can fall short in satisfying them:
Mine dewatering: Removing excess produced water from the mine is a critical 24/7/365 operation and the water that’s recovered is commonly filled with particulates that can be as large as zero.12 to 0.16 inches in size. If used on this software, centrifugal pumps require particular materials of development, which can be price prohibitive, to protect towards impeller wear caused by the abrasive particles. Centrifugal pumps are also not dry-run succesful, which adversely affects their level of efficiency on this application.
General service: For widespread liquid-handling purposes, you need an easy-to-operate pump that reliably can run dry, strip strains, operate at low speeds whereas still delivering excessive move rates, and be easy to take care of and restore. Centrifugal pumps merely do not possess these capabilities.
Corrosive liquids: Much like solid-laden liquids, corrosive ones can wreak havoc on the wetted components of centrifugal and progressive cavity pumps. This sometimes demands a need to use particular mechanical seals, which can lead to exorbitant upkeep, restore, and alternative prices.
Press filter: Press filters are used to scrub the liquids which are produced within the mines and, once more, centrifugal pumps can fall short in this software as a outcome of the solid-laden liquid can damage the pump’s internals except special, more expensive materials of development or linings are used. Also, the character of press-filter operation creates a robust discharge-pressure variation that may force the centrifugal pump to function away from its greatest efficiency level (BEP), resulting in high vibration and radial hundreds that may result in shortened service life. A solution to this is the incorporation of variable frequency drives (VFDs) and controllers, but these are costly and may negatively affect the cost-effectiveness of the operation.
Product transfer: This comes in all forms in a mining operation, from loading and unloading from transport vans with new and used oil for the heavy machinery, fresh and fouled water, and any chemical substances which would possibly be required. In each occasion, there may be the danger that the pump will be forced to run dry because the truck or storage vessel is emptied, while discharge-pressure variation also can generate high vibration and radial hundreds. As beforehand illustrated, centrifugal pumps cannot run dry, so they need safety from this condition or the addition of special seals. However, all of these upgrades still can’t totally protect in opposition to a catastrophic failure.
THE SOLUTION
While centrifugal pumps—despite their popularity—have confirmed to not be the most effective resolution in many liquid-handling functions in mining, one pump expertise that has confirmed to be an optimum choice is AODD—in terms of maximizing reliability, cost-effectiveness, ease of operation and maintenance, and safety for mining personnel and the environment.
AODD pumps are capable of carry out successfully in mining functions as a result of their method of operation permits them to simply deal with variable move charges and pressures, whereas being dry-run and line-stripping succesful, and nimble enough to transfer liquids which are shear-sensitive or high-viscosity, in addition to slurries laden with rocks, pebbles, and other particulates.
The simple design of the AODD pump options few shifting components and comparably decrease speeds than different pump applied sciences, which improves reliability and simplifies maintenance, while the pump’s seal-less development leads to fewer leaks, which is a critical consideration when handling the various hard-to-seal, corrosive, or hazardous liquids which might be prevalent in a mining operation. AODD pumps are available in each metal (most commonly aluminum, ductile iron and cast iron) and plastic (polypropylene and PVDF) housing constructions, while a huge selection of elastomers can be used within the diaphragms, which eliminates many chemical-compatibility issues.
A broad variety of AODD pump configurations present operational flexibility that may additionally end in optimized performance at many levels. ราคาเกจวัดแรงดันลม to feature AODD pumps in a extensive range of purposes, from primary basic use to delicate chemical-handling processes, allows operators to extra cost-effectively outfit their mines. AODD pumps may additionally be more price effective to operate, especially those models which may be outfitted with a next-generation mechanically actuated air distribution system (ADS). At their most elementary, AODD pumps excel in the typical rugged and harsh operating circumstances found within the world’s mines, which reduces breakdown incidents along with corresponding downtime and restore prices.
Specifically, Wilden, whose founder, Jim Wilden, conceived the AODD pumping principle sixty-five years in the past, has been dedicated to creating technologies that meet the wants of mining operations. Today, Wilden offers three AODD pump fashions which are constructed to excel in mining applications, out there in ductile iron, cast iron, aluminum, polypropylene and Kynar materials of construction:
Brahma® Series: The Brahma pumps, which feature a bolted configuration, have been constructed for use in purposes that require the dealing with of liquids that includes large solids. The Brahma pumps have a novel top-inlet/bottom-discharge move orientation and flap valves that enable the passage of large solids with no threat that harm will occur because of product entrapment or the settling of solids inside the pump’s inner flow paths. Brahma pumps can be found in two models—PS810 (2-inch) and PS1510 (3-inch)—that are outfitted with the revolutionary Pro-Flo® SHIFT ADS, which has been designed to scale back air consumption by up to 60 p.c. The T810 and T1510 models are powered by the Turbo-Flo™ ADS, the industry’s first air motor for AODD pumps. The flow-rate range for the four Brahma pumps is 166 to 258 gallons per minute at pressures up to a hundred twenty five psi with solids-handling capability ranging from 2 to three inches.
Stallion® Series: The Stallion pumps function a clamped design with carrying handles for lightweight portability. Their design options giant internal clearances and flow-through paths for simple passage of enormous solids with no chance for clogging. An altered ball/seat check-valve assembly further allows solids passage, while a polyurethane display base at the inlet increases the pump’s durability. The PS4, PS8, and PS15 (1.5-, 2-, and 3-inch) models are powered by a Pro-Flo SHIFT ADS, with the T4, T8, and T15 (1.5-, 2-, and 3-inch) pumps that includes the Turbo-Flo ADS, Wilden’s most sturdy ADS design for the toughest environments. Flow rates amongst the six models vary from fifty seven gallons per minute to 232 gallons per minute at working pressures up to one hundred twenty five psi. Solids sizes that can be handled range from half to 1 inch.
Pro-Flo SHIFT Series: Pro-Flo SHIFT pumps function clamped or bolted configuration. Their design features completely different chamber materials, including metal and plastics, even Kynar, which is capable of dealing with excessive levels of abrasive supplies. The Pro-Flo SHIFT can additionally be the most environment friendly AODD pump out there, capable of reducing up to 60 p.c air consumption. This makes it the most suitable choice for dealing with corrosive and abrasive merchandise in mining processes. The pumps have a product range that goes from 1.5 to 3 inches and flows from 2 to 271 gallons per minute.
All of the Brahma, Stallion, and Pro-Flo SHIFT pumps are in a position to be outfitted with a massive selection of diaphragm styles—including the newer Chem-Fuse, EZ-Install, and Reduced-Stroke models—in a varying array of materials, such as Wil-Flex™ (Santoprene®), Geolast®, Polyurethane, Buna-N®, EPDM, Neoprene, FKM, and PTFE. This diaphragm range offers users the widest selection of diaphragms in the marketplace, all of which are capable of offering prolonged mean time between failure (MTBF) for optimized uptime with decreased upkeep, restore, and alternative prices.
All of these capabilities make AODD pumps the perfect alternative for the aforementioned widespread liquid-handling functions in mining: dewatering, general service, corrosive-handling, filter press, and day by day product transfer.
CONCLUSION
In abstract, Wilden AODD pumps are the best suited choice for mining purposes as a result of they offer appreciable operational advantages, like comparable low-speed operation, dry-run, line-stripping, self-priming, and deadhead capability, together with elevated operational security and a discount in maintenance/repair costs that could be incurred by pumps that aren’t designed to deal with abrasive/corrosive or solid-laden liquids.
Wilden AODD pumps also outperform different AODD technologies in other significant methods: easy design with the lowest variety of parts for faster, simpler, and safer repairs and the lowest variety of spare components to stock; current enhancements in materials of building that improve the pump’s MTBF; and improved effectivity by way of using the Pro-Flo SHIFT ADS, which finally results in faster product transfer with decrease air consumption. Wilden also continues to innovate through the development of the next-generation Chem-Fuse and EZ-Install diaphragms, both of which enhance service life and safety whereas not compromising the dealing with of challenging liquids.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Fernando Meneses is the regional supervisor North Latin America for Wilden, a number one producer of air-operated double-diaphragm (AODD) pumps. He could be reached at fernando.meneses@psgdover.com. Wilden is a product model of PSG®, a Dover company. PSG is comprised of several leading pump firms, together with Abaque®, All-Flo™, Almatec®, Blackmer®, Ebsray, em-tec®, Griswold®, Hydro™, Mouvex®, Neptune®, Quantex™, Quattroflow®, RedScrew™, and Wilden®. For extra info, go to www.wildenpump.com or www.psgdover.com.
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